Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business - Case Study Example Owing to this reputation, Toyota has been able to enjoy several benefits including financial strength, customer loyalty and market share. According to research scholars Steinmetz (2010) and Quelch, Knoop and Johnson (2010), the rapid growth of Toyota had created stress on the manufacturing, engineering and design which may lead to the consecutive occurrences of quality issues. This had in turn demanded the company to recall the vehicles at the beginning of 2003. However, the quality related problem of Toyota gained national attention in September 2009, after the public release of a recorded complaint which was associated with a certain incident. There had been a recorded call to 911 regarding a car crash which was being driven by an off-duty California highway patrol officer. The crash had resulted in the death of the officer along with his family members. This accident was caused by uncontrolled acceleration due to the floor mat problem which sticks to the accelerator pedals. Owing to this incident, the company recalled 3.9 million vehicles in US on September 29, 2009. The matter gained attention in January and early February of 2010, when 2.3 million vehicles had to be taken off the roads due to the sticking pedals (Fan, Geddes and Flory 2011). Toyota stopped selling eight of their models in North America, had shut down their production plant and increased their intensity of recalls in China and Europe. The CEO and the president of the company had apologised for the recalls. Another recall associated with Prius Hybrid, one of their best selling vehicles, was initiated due to some banking problems. After this third recall, the total amount of recall between 2009 and 2010 totalled to eight million that included six million in US itself (Madslien 2012; BBC News 2012; Couts 2011; Mackenzie and Evans 2010). Critical evaluation of the business response using evaluation criteria Reputation: Owing to the crisis related to the uncontrolled acceleration, the responses by the business of Toyota had aroused concerns regarding the reputation of the organization. The car accident had affected the reputation of the organization to a lesser extent than the damages done by the disclosure and communications, recalls and apologies previously. The confidence of the customers was seen to exhibit a sudden fall. The customer reports survey showed that the pre-eminent reputation of the organization plunged from 30 percent to 19 percent (Dietz and Gillespie 2011). In case of Toyota, the recalls were done in the years 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2009-10 due to different problems related to brakes, engines and accelerators, which had totalled to over 8.5 million vehicles (Dietz and Gillespie 2011). This staggeringly high number was considered to be sufficient to damage the trustworthiness of the organization. A positive reputation can be said to be as good as the effort that is taken to create and sustain it. The excellence in reputation fails if immediate action for tr ust building contradicts this reputation. In this case,

Problems - questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems - questions - Assignment Example Being focused at advertising a product or a service, marketing is imperative in creating customer loyalty. Additionally, it ensures long term positive relationship between a product and a consumer. Two key companies that have succeeded based on their effective marketing strategies are Coca-Cola and Nokia. Through their extensive advertising strategies Coca-Cola and Nokia have emerged as world leaders in the soft drink and telecommunication industries respectively. Section B Question 1 Market segmentation entails dividing the wide target market into group of consumers who have similar requirements. After dividing the large target market into subsets, a company then provides products and services that meet the needs of their consumers. Consumers market can be segmented according to geographic aspects, psychographic factors, consumer’s behaviors, occasion as well as benefits derived from the products (Kotler, et al 56). Targeting involves focusing at a particular group of custome rs and adopting appropriate marketing strategies to sell products on the targeted group. Being part of the market mix, target market is vital in ensuring the success of any product. According to Kurtz there are seven major steps that marketers can adopt in segmenting their market as depicted by the flow chart below. Selecting target audience Identification of customer needs Adopting valuation approach that includes barriers to entry and accessing market Testing the segment Modifying market mix Positioning entails creating a strong image in the minds of targeted audience regarding the products of an organization. Earlier on positioning emulated the consumers marketing however with the growth in technology; companies have adopted Google and yahoo among other internet sites to enhance competitive positioning (Ries and Trout 39). Major aspects that companies should utilize to ensure effective positioning of their brands includes products quality, effective distribution, extensive promot ion, attractive and secured packaging as well as affordable prices. Just like segmentation, companies that are focused at effective positioning of their brands can adopt six steps as depicted by the flow chart below. Identifying key competitors Understanding positioning strategies adopted by competitors Documenting the current positioning strategy adopted by the company Comparing the company positioning strategies with those of the competitors Establishing positioning that is value based Establishing an appropriate positioning statement supported by proper communication Question 2 Strategic planning entails defining the direction that an organisation will follow and making of essential decision regarding allocation of resources to attain the objectives of a company. By understanding the current position of a company, it is possible to emulate an effective course of action that will ensure the success of a company. In most cases a strategic planning covers a period of 5 years. One of the major components of a strategic plan is vision. Vision depicts what the organization wants to be. Secondly, a strategic plan should indicate the mission of a company. Mission indicates the basic purpose of a firm and the strategies it emulates in order to achieve its vision. For example, the mission of Coca-Cola Company is to provide quality brands that refresh the whole world. Value is

Design Management in the 21st century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design Management in the 21st century - Essay Example Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of design management in the 20th century. The New Roles of Design Managers in the 21st Century In contemporary organizations, design managers are catalysts of change and core decision makers in continually changing organizational features such as the impact of technology. Additionally, design managers help in forming a bridge between creative design and quantitative business success, and in increasingly leading the business process. These measures are vital to the corporate world of the 21st century. According to the MDMN (2010), a greater understanding of the changing contexts within which design management practice operates is essential for design managers, and this can be promoted through research and new academic frameworks that integrate design management practice and theory. Design Management and Corporate Strategy According to McDermott (2007: 84), â€Å"design management seeks to position design as an essential part of business strategy†. There is an increasing move to professionalize and integrate design into business and industry. Strategic design management involves focusing on its use as a source of competitive advantage and a catalyst for change in the organization’s structure, finance and human resources. Business or tactical design management manages design as a proficiency to give rise to distinctive product concepts as well as new market opportunities. Operational design management focuses on the â€Å"efficiency and effectiveness of the design process, the design team and individual design projects† (Lockwood & Walton 2008: 28). Shaping the Future of Design Management In order to ensure that design management in future increasingly forms the core of new business development, there is a move to replace the term with design strategy or design policy (McDermott 2007). Increasing connectivity, speed and productivity as a result of advancing technology m ake it necessary for a new type of design management to replace the old rules. The design management is implemented for creating value, â€Å"design itself is being redesigned† (Cramer 2004: 7). The four most significant factors for achieving success through design management are: improved business marketing, operations, professional services the firm employs, and the management of finances. Conclusion This paper has highlighted design management and its growing significance to the corporate world in the 21st century. Though design management is increasingly being prioritzed in the management agenda, one of its limitations would be that the theory may lead to generalization and a narrow view of design. This needs to be overcome by individualizing design management concepts to the particular organization. It is concluded that an organization or business that incorporates design management concepts gains strategic advantage over its more conventional counterparts. Bibliography Cramer, J.P. (2004). How firms succeed: A field guide to design management. Edition 2. London: Greenway Communications. DMI (Design Management Institute). (2010). Research strategy. Research, Design Management Institute. Retrieved on 5th January, 2010 from: http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/research/priorities_s.htm Lockwood, T. &

Lincoln and Johnson vs. the Radicals Essay Example for Free

Lincoln and Johnson vs. the Radicals Essay The Civil War, which lasted up until 1865, was the bloodiest battle that this Nation had ever faced. Making it even sadder was the fact that this Nation was divided, North against South, and brothers were killing brothers, fathers killing sons. It was indeed a tough time for President Lincoln who was sworn into office in 1861. He needed to end the war and figure out a way to bring peace and rebuild the Nation. In order to end the war he devised a plan to free all slaves in the eye’s of the government, and on the first day of the year in 1863 he announced his â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation,† declaring all slaves owned under the Confederacy to be now free men. The Confederacy was beginning to crumble; Southern cities were destroyed and the Southern economy was in ruins. Lincoln now focused his attention on the idea of Reconstruction, and reuniting those Southern States back into the Union. It would not be easy for Lincoln, however, as he faced far different ideas than his, proposed by the Radical Republicans, led by Pennsylvania Representative Thaddeus Stevens and Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner. Despite being the Republican nomination for President, Lincoln was far more conservative than those Republicans taking the majority of seats in Congress. In December of 1863, before the war had officially come to a close, Lincoln began to devise his Reconstruction plan, which at the time was considered to be very lenient by those of the Union. His plan was very compassionate toward white southerners, except for major leaders of the Confederacy. He needed those Confederate Army generals and high-ranking officers to take an oath of loyalty to the Union, and verbally accept the Nation’s abolition of slavery. Lincoln’s plan was to institute new state governments in the South, under control of those southerners who had not aided to Confederacy. Lincoln also had the idea of granting voting rights to those freed African Americans who were educated, owned land, or had participated in the fighting for the Union. Under Lincoln’s plan, three southern states (Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee) acknowledged the abolition of slavery, formed new Union-loyal governments, and were ready to be readmitted completely into the Union. The Radical Republicans were not pleased to the slightest with Lincoln’s plan. They demanded much harsher penalties for seceding the Union, and they refused to seat the representatives from those three states, reconstructed under Lincoln’s plan. Because they were so displeased with Lincoln’s leniency, they pushed what is known as the Wade-Davis bill through Congress in 1864. This bill instituted a temporary governor, from the North, to each of those 11 Confederate states. When the majority of men residing in those states had pledged their allegiance to the Union, the governor was to hold a â€Å"constitutional convention,† where only men who had never fought against the Union could elect delegates to represent them in Congress. Once this was accomplished, the new state governments had to acknowledge the total abolition of slavery, disenfranchise Confederate leaders, and pay off all of their war debts, mainly owed to England. After all of this, and only after all of this, could those southern states be readmitted into the Union. Dissatisfied with the Radicals bill, Lincoln overrode their authority with a â€Å"pocket veto.† As you would assume, the Radicals were utterly outraged with Lincoln’s actions, and demanded that Lincoln accept some of their ideas proposed by the Wade-Davis Bill. Unfortunately, we will never know how the President would have negotiated terms with those Radical Republicans. On the night of April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot from behind while watching a play with his wife, and died early the next morning. Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s vice President, became the Nations new President shortly after the assassination. Johnson, who was originally a democrat, was now faced with the issue of Reconstruction, and like Lincoln, took a more moderate approach. While Congress was out of session in the summer following his launch into Presidency, Johnson quickly began to â€Å"R estore† (as he like to call it) those southern states back into the Union. His plan was very much like the Wade-Davis Bill in which he instituted a temporary governor to those southern states and had the governor allow qualified voters to elect delegates to represent them in Congress. When Congress came back into session in December, they began almost immediately to refuse seats to those elected delegates. Even though Johnson’s intentions were very similar to their Wade-Davis Bill, those Radicals were angered by the fact that most southerners still wished for slavery even though they took an oath against it. Many Confederate generals being voted in as Representatives in Congress also angered the Radicals. So they shot Johnson’s plan down, plain and simple. The Radicals began to gain more and more power in Congress due to several factors. First, Black Codes began to arise in southern states which authorized sate officials to apprehend unemployed blacks for vagrancy, and hire them out to mostly plantation owners in order to pay off their vagranc y fines. This angered many northerners as is basically violated southern states oaths of African American freedom. This caused Congress to pass the first Civil Rights Act, which gave the federal government the right to intervene in state affairs if blacks were not given appropriate rights. Johnson vetoed this bill but was easily overridden by the all-powerful Radical Congress. Next, Congress devised the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. It stated that all people born or naturalized in United States territory are considered citizens, and penalties would arise for states that denied the right to vote to any male citizens. It also stated that former Confederate officials were prohibited from holding any state or federal position unless they were pardoned for their treasonous Civil War crimes by two-thirds of Congress. Any state that ratified this 14th Amendment would be readmitted into the Union. Tennessee was the only state to ratify and be readmitted right away. Finally, those ten states that were still outstanding from the Union were divided into five different â€Å"military districts.† A military commander was assigned to each district and was responsible for registering citizens to vote (black males, and those whites who had not bore arms against the Union). Voters had to elect government bodies who would write their new state constitution, and have it passed by Congress. And finally, after all that, the state had to ratify the 14th Amendment. All but Virginia, Texas and Mississippi had reunited with the Union by 1868 and finally by 1870 those last 3 states were reunited only after ratifying 15th Amendment in addition to the 14th one. Alas, the Union was rejoined, blacks now had their freedom and right to vote, and peace was beginning to take presence. When we look at the similarities proposed by Lincoln and Johnson, we see that both men were in favor of leniency for those southern states. Lincoln only felt it was necessary for Confederate leaders to take an oath of loyalty as opposed to the Congressional decision that Confederate leaders needed to be pardoned by two-thirds of Congress (Which would likely never happen as Radicals held so much power in Congress) in order to take part in state or federal legislature. It is clear that Johnson also opposed this idea, and leaned toward Lincoln’s plan, in the way he vetoed Congress vigorously. This similarity in ideas between Lincoln and Johnson is also a major difference between the presidents and Congress’s final decision. Unfortunately for Johnson (and Lincoln), and the rest of the moderate northerners, his veto was no match for Congress. A key similarity between the presidents and Congress though, was the issue of African American rights. The final Congressional plan involved a federal Civil Rights Act and two new Constitutional Amendments, in order to protect the rights of African Americans. Lincoln obviously believed in equality when he delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, and stated that educated, land-owning, or allied blacks should be given the right to vote. And based on Congresses final decision, I would say the majority of people from the south who were qualified to vote on the new state governors were probably African Americans. In conclusion, when comparing the presidential Reconstruction plans, with those actually put into play by Congress, the main difference falls within the idea of leniency vs. anger. The presidents wanted the whole ordeal over and the states rejoined, whereas the Radicals wanted revenge on the South for seceding. As to which ideas would have worked better? It is very hard to say. All that can be said is that eventually, the Radicals gained too much power in Congress for the presidents to handle, and ultimately an all-powerful republican Congress overruled their ideas. Bibliography(EZbib.com) Brinkley, Alan. Reconstruction and the New South. The Unfinished Nation. 6th ed. Vol. 2. New York [u.a.: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 369-83. Print. 35b. Radical Reconstruction. Radical Reconstruction [ushistory.org]. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Time Line of The Civil War, 1865. Time Line of The Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Mission And Vision Of Etihad Airways Tourism Essay

Mission And Vision Of Etihad Airways Tourism Essay 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify the Mission and Vision of Etihad Airways. The national flag carrier of the UAE, Etihad Airways and its journey so far since its inception in 2003 have come a long way to exudes in class, quality and ample hospitality which were crucial for the airliner to create a competitive edge in the industry at large and in the market often known for its competitive environment. However, the bigger challenge is staying at the top and progressing further in such volatile market environment. Taking a tour of the company website (www.etihadairways.com) we come to the knowledge that Etihad and its services in the industry is at par with world class expectations. Hence it will be proper if we analyze all the relevant factors of the structural process of the company and how it functions day in and day out in setting a road map for itself to be recognized as one of the fastest growing national flag carrier of the UAE, and a competitor in the industry. And the following discussion relates to each aspect the macro-economics analysis, PESTLE concepts, and SWOT analysis. Mission and Vision of Etihad Airways Before we attempt to identify the vision and mission of Etihad airlines, it will be proper to relate on Etihad story and its making. In that essence, the corporate communication from the airliner part describes how in particular the airline is different from the maddening crowd. In addition to put pleasure back into flying is also one of the airliner motto and narrative of an account of their cultural aspects. (Etihadairways, 2010) We can further add that the vision of Etihad airline is also closely linked to its Arabian heritage in particular. Take for instance the corporate communication in that regard, which states that reflecting the national identity of the country and its Arabian heritage and hospitality is one dominant factor, where cultured approaches to hospitality, apart from considerate, generous and warm hospitality are at the roots of Etihad cultural blend. The vision of the airline is also to become one of the global airliners that exude a truly 21st century, where challenges, and changing environment, plus an engaging vision to break the convention, (Etihad, 2010) constitutes its deep rooted vision. Thus, Etihad Airways mission like any considerate corporate is to give a refreshing welcoming to their guest, where travel should be safe and secure in an environment that is friendly, and where global standards in both terms is practiced, be it hospitality or in the technical aspects in assuring a safe journey for its guests. (Etihad, 2010) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How is the Macro-Environment of Etihad Airways in UAE? Analyze the influences of the PESTLE variables in the decision making. Macro-Environment of Etihad Airways in UAE In economic terms, macro-environment relates to factors that are uncontrollable and that which are fluctuating. Thus, in macro-economics sense, and when it concerns businesses, macro-level criteria includes objectively based variables and factors such as social, cultural, technological and the likes of political forces, languages, religion geography, economics blocs, (Mooij, 2004, p. 55) etc, which plays a significant role in deciding organizational comparative management in a global economy. Hence, it is no different when it concerns Etihad as well in that regard, given that market forces at times plays a crucial role in deciding the company strategies and its management, where the understanding of convergence and divergence at the macro-level is very important (Mooij, 2004, p. 56) especially for airliner that face a competitive environment in the global industry. Nonetheless, to be more precise in reflecting the macro-environment of Etihad Airways, news reports gives thumbs up for the Etihad in terms of macro-environment factorial aspects, given that the airline recently extended its market cap and global networks, where an agreement was singed with Yemen airways. (Karam, 2008)Hence in economic sense, the agreement with Yemen airlines will gives Etihad customers a higher hand in the two way travel and in the meantime it will also gives Yemen Airways customer an access to Etihad airways networks, say CEO of the company, James Hogan. (Karam, 2008) In such respect to the development of the macro-environment factors, it appears that Ethiad is very well placed in terms of its competitiveness. And the first quarter growth for the financial years ending 2010, Etihad reported a 25.4% jump in its growth, which as per industry wise comparison is way above, due to factors such as the increase in numbers of seats in Etihad, which is one crucial investment that decided the airline fate accordingly. (BIStaffReporter, 2010) Thus, the above news report is one good example to reflect the macro-environment of Etihad airways in UAE, and a fact that Etihad stood the test of time in macro-economic sense. Influences of the PESTLE variables in the decision making In the case of Etihad, it is assumed that decision making is also at the roots of management imbroglio. However, what surprises us is the fact that Etihad in all instances involving its strategies have come out with flying colors and success. That makes it curious to reflect on how the PESTLE variables influence decision making at Etihad. But what is a PESTLE variable? Understood in simple terms, PESTLE variable or PESTLE analysis of macro-environment reflect the macro economic concepts such as the one discussed above. In addition taxes, new laws and the likes of governmental policies etc, also influences firms decision making. (OxfordUniversityPress, 2007) Hence, A PESTEL variable constitutes the factors that are relevant to influence decision making. It can take the form of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and finally Legal factors which defines the environment of a company. (OxfordUniversityPress, 2007) Laying emphasis to this notion, we can drive home the facts that Etihad Airways is in line with respecting all the environmental regulation while conducting business. The partnership with Masdar signed in 2009 is one crucial factor on the environmental front and decision reached in that regard. (EtihadAirways1, 2010) On the political factors, Etihad is known be compliant with local and foreign policy makers, be it in US, UK and in UAE. Moreover, on the legal factors, its influences are paramount concerning Etihad management. Moreover, technological and social aspects also take centre stage in influencing decision at Etihad, and the following SWOT analysis bears testimonial. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conduct a SWOT Analysis of the Internal and External environment of Etihad Airways. Concluding on SWOT analysis: The Internal and External environment of Etihad Airways Strength: The biggest strength of Etihad can be laid emphasis to its world class services. And as a competitor in the market, Etihad awards itself speaks volume on this front. (EtihadAirways2, 2010) Weakness: When it matter to Etihad weaker points, news report relates that its cargo division present some of it, given that revenue factors are also considerably made out from cargo operations. Without any strategic outline, cargo division suffers. However, with new leadership in line and strategic development undertaken, there is a positive scope that such weakness also can be overcome, say Etihad insiders. (KhaleejTimes, 2010) Opportunities: As we have related above, Etihad Airways is in the process of numerous agreements, be it with Yemen Airlines as related above, or the likes of expanding its destination far and wide in foreign markets. Hence, the international Air Service Contract awarded by the Federal Government of Australia very recently as reported in AmeInfo.com (AmeInfo, 2010) presents the opportunistic platform of the company, we can conclude. Threats: In the global environment, threats are paramount, especially concerning airline industry. In that respect, Etihad has taken special measure to update and keep it guest informed of any changes in regulation, be it in the domestic or international routes, (AmeInfo1, 2006) in order to avoid with any issue that may arise due to business threats.

Star Traveling To The Millennium :: essays research papers fc

Now as we are rapidly approaching the Millenium many people are getting the blues. This seems absurd because this offers all of us a perfect chance to start again. NASA is embracing this chance to grow and expand their departments. The phrase, â€Å"Space, the final frontier,† expresses the world’s obsession with space travel, that started centuries before it even became popular 30 years ago in Gene Roddenberry’s TV series â€Å"Star Trek.† Science fiction has entertained our culture for years. Movies such as Star Wars and Planet of the Apes have helped fuel our desire to get off the planet earth, find new life forms, and conquer the stars. Science-fiction dreams of worlds beyond our solar system have taken on a more realistic aspect since astronomers discovered that the universe contains planets in surprisingly large numbers. Studying those distant planets might show how special Earth really is and tell us more about our place in the universe (NASA homep age). Finding a planet that can support human life would revolutionize our society into the Jetson’s. These ideas are soon to become our realities. NASA is currently experimenting with many methods to try to explore the outer edges of the galaxy. In order to understand NASA’s excitement about star traveling, we will first fly through current projects concerning space travel, second explore three possible technologies being experimented with for the year 2000, finally take a trip into our future and experience how star traveling will change our lives as we approach the end of the second millenium.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NASA’s goal of faster, better, cheaper has been the motivation for them to develop new mission concepts, and to validate never-before-used technologies in space. The new technologies, if proven to work, will revolutionize space exploration in the next century. According to NASA’s New Millennium Program home page, last updated on September 16,1999, NASA’s current project of Deep Space 1 demonstrates some of their most exotic technologies. One of the most impressive is the testing of an ion engine that is supposed to be 10 times more efficient than liquid or solid rocket engines. Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24, 1998. It is the first mission under NASA’s New Millennium Program, which features flight testing of new technology, rather than science as its main focus (Rayman 4). These new technologies will make spacecraft of the future smaller, more economical, reliable, and closer to the goal of efficient space travel.

Uncontrolled Fate :: essays research papers

â€Å"Uh oh, says Lance. â€Å"I can see the police. I better pick up some speed.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can still see the prison behind me after five long minutes of hard running through three-foot tall weeds. The searchlights from helicopters above provide adequate lighting for me. I take one step at a time trying not to make any unnecessary noise. As I strip down to my shorts and t-shirt I take notice to how cold it is outside. I haven’t seen daylight in months due to the fact that I’m confined to my tiny death cell. I am approaching what seems to be a forest. I see hundreds if not thousands of tall, massive trees. I figure this is the perfect hideout until I find neutral ground. The searchlights can’t penetrate through the thick branches of the trees, so I must now rely on my other senses to get around. I feel my way through the pitch-black forest. I get on my hands and knees to crawl. After ten gruesome minutes my head bumps into something solid. I assume it is a tree, but after close examination it turns out to be a door. I anxiously hop to my feet and to my surprise the door is unlocked. As I step through the door I feel a sense of relief. I take a deep breath and bellow out at the top of my lungs, â€Å"Is anyone home?† I figure it’s a big house so I wait for a response. Minutes pass and I begin to hear soft thumps on the floor. They become more and more thunderous as time passes. It seems as if someone is darting towards me. I panic, and out of fear I let out screech, but I am so terrified it comes out as a squeal. I run out the house. I take a look back and a bulky figure is charging towards me with a butcher’s knife. I cry out, â€Å"STOP,† but he still persists, so I prepare to go into combat. Before I could do anything I feel a sharp pain in my right shoulder. Oh it hurts. This dim-witted guy threw a knife at me. I stumble to my knees. I reach to pull the knife out, but it’s stuck. I’m bleeding uncontrollable, and I’m becoming dizzy. It’s happening just like the movies; it’s getting darker and darker, stars appear, and I’m passed out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I awake I tall, colossal man is hovering over me.

Socialolgy

Sociology is a liberal perspective that explores the influences of social forces on individual behaviors. Course Objectives Students should be able to use a variety of thinking and reasoning skills, apply these skills as appropriate in various situations, and move among them depending on purpose. Upon completion of this course students should be able to: Define and gain a better understanding of sociology, critical thinking, and critical sociology. Define and differentiate between the three major sociological perspectives. Identify significant historical contributions to the discipline.Define and apply the sociological imagination as it pertains to a wide spectrum of real-world situations, cultures, and social problems. Understand the functions and social problems created and maintained by social institutions. Explain how age, race, ethnicity, gender and social class are socially constructed and how such constructs contribute to existing social problems. Witt, Jon (2013). SOC 2013 (3 rd Deed. ). McGraw-Hill companies Inc. ISBN: 07-802674-4 Finiteness's, Kurt (2013). Annual Editions (41st Deed. ). McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.ISBN: 978-0-07-813601-6 Office Hours o have any questions, problems, or concerns, please feel free to visit me during my office hours Tuesdays or by appointment. Email Etiquette The best way to contact me is via email at Ashley. [email  protected] Email. Deed. However please keep in mind that FREER does not allow me to discuss any matters concerning personal grades. Additionally, I teach several classes each semester at two different universities. I will not respond to emails unless you provide me your NAME and CLASS so that I know who you are. Please refer to me as Ashley.Attendance, Absences, & Make-Up Work In this class there is a strong correlation between attendance and test performance, assignment scores, and your final grade. Material presented in class will NOT be made available to those who do not attend. Lecture notes will NOT be po sted on Blackboard. If you are going to miss an exam, you must contact me in ADVANCED notice PRIOR to the exam, as well as provide documented evidence of your excuse. Late work in labs will not be accepted. If you anticipate being absent, you must contact your TA prior to missing lab and schedule a different lab session to attend.Make-up work will only be allowed in the rare occasion that you are severely ill, experience an emergency, or are required to attend a university event and you must provide documentation of your absence. Course Organization & Grading ** This course is weighted. Therefore, your total points on Blackboard will not be representative of your final grade unless you calculate those points in accordance with the weight. ** Lecture Material presented in lecture will NOT be made available to those who do not attend class and will NOT be posted on Blackboard. Grades are NOT curved, emailed, or given over the phone.Extra credit is NOT an option. Labs A separate lab sy llabus will be provided by your GTAG. Lab times are NOT interchangeable. If you cannot attend your lab session, you must contact Tom or Keenan prior to your absence. Students are required to make-up their missed lab session during another lab session. This section is worth 30% of your final semester grade. It is your responsibility to keep a copy of all your work. Once assignments have been returned it is in your best interest to check Model right away to make sure your score is posted correctly AND to hold on to them until the class ends and final grades re posted.Quizzes There will be a total of 11 quizzes offered this semester. Each quiz is worth 10 points. Your lowest quiz score will be dropped; hence 10 quizzes will count towards your final grade. The quiz schedule is listed below. The quiz will become available the Friday prior to the date due. On the due date, the quiz must be submitted by 11:59 p. M. Quizzes that are not submitted by the corresponding date and time will resu lt in a failing score. You CANNOT make up a missed quiz (you can drop the lowest score). Quizzes are not timed.You may access the quiz as many times as needed, however once the quiz is submitted, the score is final. All quiz questions will be derived from your textbook. Quizzes will be worth 10% of your final semester grade. Exams This section is comprised of 3 multiple choice exams (which are NOT comprehensive). The majority of exam questions are derived from mass lecture. The remaining questions are from the textbook. Excused make-up exams are granted if you contact Tom or Keenan PRIOR to the exam date and provide documented evidence of your excuse. The instructor reserves the right to change the exam dates.Final Grades Exams, quizzes and lab assignments are calculated as follows: 0-100% = A 80-89% 70-79% 00-59% Blackboard Class announcements, quizzes, study guides and other supplemental course material will be posted on Blackboard. To access course material (study guides, quizzes ), be sure to click on the Content link located in the left hand column. You will find the material in the associated folder. Additionally, all grades (unofficial) will be posted on Blackboard. Classroom Conduct Attending the University of North Dakota is a privilege, not a right.The classroom is a special environment in which students and faculty come together to promote learning. Examples of improper behavior in the classroom may include, but are not limited to: disrespect for the professional status of the instructor and/or GTAG (refrain from contacting us through social media), persistent late arrival to or early departure from class, distractive talking, the use of cell phones and laptops to text, chat, or surf the web, refusal to comply with reasonable directions, employing insulting language or gestures and verbal, psychological, or physical threats and harassment.The Department of Sociology supports classrooms that are positive learning environments, where people are respect ful and supportive of one another. You may have strong opinions, but everyone is expected to listen respectfully to alternative viewpoints and to communicate ideas in a non-confrontational way without monopolizing classroom discussion. Course materials prepared by the instructor including the content of all lectures, are the property of the instructor. 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Outline the Differences Between the Excitation

Outline the differences between the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism between skeletal and cardiac muscles. Excitation-contraction coupling is the combination of the electrical and mechanical events in the muscle fibres and is related by the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (Silverthorn, 2007) In the skeletal muscle, action potential in the nerves is generated when the somatic motor neurons releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), at the neuromuscular junction. This initiates muscle action potential which is then transmitted to the t-tubules.Action potential in the t-tubules leads to the release of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggering muscle contraction. In the cardiac muscles, the initial depolarisation in sino-atrial node initiates the action potential in the muscles. This is then transmitted to T-Tubule which leads to calcium influx from extracellular space. This leads to the sarcoplasmic reticulum releasing calcium which causes the muscle contraction. The skeletal muscles need ACh from the somatic motor neuron, in order for skeletal muscle action potential to initiate excitation- contraction coupling.In cardiac muscles, the action potential also initiates EC coupling, but it originates impulsively in the hearts pace maker cells and spreads via gap junctions. (Richard and Pocock, 2006) The skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles differ mainly in mechanisms by which the depolarisation in the membrane leads to the release of Ca2+. In the skeletal muscle, the T-tubule membrane is coupled closely to the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the L-type calcium channel and the ryanodine receptor.However, in the cardiac muscle the Ca2+ enters via voltage-gated calcium channels which initiate a regenerative release, through activation of the Ca2+ sensitive ryanodine receptor and this initial entry triggers further release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (Rang and Dale, 2003) The mechanism of excitation- contraction coupling in the skeletal muscle relies on the ryanodine receptor being activated to produce the Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is responsible for allowing muscle contraction. This is evident of direct coupling between the calcium channels of the T-tubule and the ryanodine receptors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.The cardiac muscles lack T-tubules and therefore, there is no direct coupling between the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In cardiac muscles, the mechanism relies on a calcium-induced calcium release, which includes the conduction of calcium ions into the cell, causing the further release of ions. (Rang and Dale, 2003) The duration of action potential also differs for the skeletal and cardiac muscles. In the skeletal muscles, the action potential short and ends as the related twitch contraction begins.The twitch contraction is short and ends as the sarcoplasmic reticulum recovers the Ca2+ that it released. In the cardiac muscle cells, the action potential is long- lasting, and Ca2+ carries on entering the cell throughout the plateau period. As a result, the muscle cell contraction continues until the plateau ends. Therefore, the cardiac muscle contractions are nearly 10 times as long as those of skeletal muscles fibres. (Silverthorn, 2007) The cardiac muscle tissue can contract without neural stimulation, via automaticity and the specialized cardiac muscle cells called pacemaker cells control the timing of contractions.However, the skeletal muscle requires ACh from the motor neurons for contractions. (Mader, 2006) Mader, S, S,. (2006) Human Biology (9th ed. ). New York: McGrawhill Pocock, G. , Richards, D. C. , (2006). Human Physiology – the basis of medicine (3rd ed. ). New York: Oxford University Press Rang, P, H,. Dale, M, M,. Ritter, M, J,. Flower, J, R,. (2007). Pharmacology (6th ed. ). New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier Silverthorn, D, U. , (2007) Human Physiology (4th Ed. ). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.

Osmosis and Simple Diffusion

Study guide questions: Movements through membrances 1. Prepare a graph that illustrate the diffusion distance of potassium in 10 minutes 2. Explain your graph : 3. Define simple diffusion: 4. Define osmosis: Osmosis can be defined as the movement of solvent molecules across a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane ,from a region of lower concentration of the solute to that of a higher concentration till equilibrium is attained. 5. What is the change in the level of molasses in 10 minutes? 6. What is the change in the level of molasses in 30 minutes? . What force is responsible for the movement of substances through the filter paper? The filtration by the fiter paper is done by the volume and the surface 8. What substance did not pass through the filter paper 9. What factor prevented these substances from passing through 10. Define filtration 11. Which stage (phase) of the cell cycle was the most numerous in the blastula? Explain your answer 12. In what ways are the new cells (daughter cells), which result from a cell cycle similar? 13. How does the new cell slightly differ? 14. Abdominal impact injuries often involve the spleen. Explain the structural tissue characteristics that make the spleen so vulnerable to serious injury. 15. Explain the advantage for melanin granules being located in the deep layer of the epidermis 16. Explain how a hair is formed? 17. What cells produce the pigment in hair? 18. Distinguish the locations and tissues among epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer 19. How do the cells of stratum corneum and stratum basale differ? 20. What part of hair extends from the hair papilla to the body surface 21. In which layer of skin are sebaceous glands found 22. How are sebaceous gland associated with hair follicles 23. In what layer of skin are sweat glands usually located 24. Explain how bone cells embedded in solid ground substance obtain nutrients and eliminate wastes. By answering yes or no, indicate which of the following provides an example of simple diffusion. 1. A perfume bottle is opened, and soon the odor can be sensed in all parts of the room —– 2. A sugar cube is opened into a cup of hot water, and without being stirred, all of the liquid becomes sweet tasting——- 3. Water molecules move from a faucet through a garden hose when the faucet is turned on —– 4. A person blows air molecules into a balloon by forcefully exhaling——– 5. A crystal of blue copper sulfate is placed in a test tube of water. The next day, the solid is gone, but the water is evenly colored——- By answering yes or no, indicate which of the following involves osmosis 1. A fresh potato is peeled, weighed, and soaked in a strong salt solution. The next day, it is discovered that the potato has lost weight —— 2. Garden grass wilts after being exposed to dry chemical fertilizer —— 3. Air molecules escape from a punctured tire as a result of high pressure inside —– 4. Plant seeds soaked in water swell and become several times as large as before soaking —- 5. When the bulb of a thistle tube filled with is sealed by a selectively permeable membrane and submerged in a beaker of molasses’, the water level in the tube falls——- By answering yes of no, indicate which of the following involved filtration 1. Oxygen molecules move into cell and carbon dioxide molecules leave a cell because of differences in the concentrations of these substances on either side of the cell membrane —— 2. Blood pressure forces water molecules from the blood outward through the thin wall of a blood capillary ——- 3. Urine is forced from the urinary bladder through the tubular urethra by muscular contractions – 4. Air molecules enter the lungs through the airways when air pressure is greater outside these organs than inside——- 5. Coffee is made using a coffeemaker (not instant) ——

Did General Haig deserve to be the Butcher of the Somme?

1 July 1916, Battle of Somme started, fought by the armies of the British and French empires against the German Empire. It took place on either side of the River Somme in France, and it ended on 18 November 1916. The battle caused millions of deaths and injuries between both sides. The war changed peoples’ thinking towards war. From a great adventure, to a bloody event. General Douglas Haig was one of the commanders from the British army in the Battle of Somme, the battle with one of the highest casualties in British military history.Some people called him â€Å"Butcher Haig† or â€Å"Butcher of the Somme† after his death in 1928, because he sent thousands of British soldiers to their death. But does he deserve the title? Or was he just doing his job and was there any misunderstanding in the battle? I will talk about the evidences and explain why many people view both sides and if he deserves the title or not. The offensive (Britain & France) conceived the idea a s a battle of attrition, attacking the Germans, the aim being to drain the German forces of reserves, although territorial gain was a secondary aim.On the first day of the battle of the Somme, Commander Haig’s army (The fourth army of Britain) lost 57,470 casualties, of which 19,240 men were killed, for only one day. The French had a â€Å"complete success† which collapsed the German Defenders in south of the Albert–Bapaume road. South bank of the German defense was made incapable of resisting another attack. They retreated to the north bank which abandonment of Fricourt was ordered. The German army went to the north bank and inflicted a huge defeat on the British infantry, which killed so many Britain soldiers.A lot of people called Douglas Haig the Butcher of the Somme. Here are some pieces of evidence to support this point of view. â€Å"The biggest murderer of the lot was Haig. I’m very bitter; always have been and always will be and everybody else t hat knew him. He lived almost 50 kilometers behind the line and that’s about as near as he got. I don’t think he knew what a trench was like. And they made him an Earl and gave him  £100,000. I know what I’d have given him† (Fred Pearson, commenting on Haig in a local newspaper in 1966) Pearson was a private on the Western Front.This suggests where Haig’s position was and the opinion of the soldier in the Front line. It also tells us that General Haig received a large amount of money and an Earl given by the loyal afterward. And although there were a lot of murderer (Commanders in charge) during the war time, but Haig led a large amount of the British army to death as they called him the BIGGEST murderer. This source was written years after the war in a local newspaper called Pro Venanic.It can be trusted because it was written by a person who was in the battle who experienced what the war was like and what Haig was doing. â€Å"We were completel y exhausted. † Haig wrote, â€Å"If the war lasted, our army defeat seemed certain. † He really believed that he had won the battle. Although the Germans had lost 680,000 men during the war and had retreated 10 kilometers back from their trenches. They human cost of the Britain and French were also very high. Especially on the first day of the battle, which lost a massive number of casualties in the war history?Which made the people bitter and angry especially the anger from the men in the Front line, seeing Haig standing kilometers behind them, thinking that he was being a coward, and the ones who lost their family and relatives on the 1st of July? P. Smith was also a private in the 1st Border regiment fighting on the Somme. He was one of them who called Haig a Butcher. He wrote this in his diary, â€Å"It was pure bloody murder. Douglas Haig should have been hung, drawn and quartered for what he did on the Somme. The cream of the British manhood was shattered in less than six hours.†From this quote, we can see that this person who is angry at what Haig did in the war. He wrote this on July 1916, which was the first month of the battle of the Somme. Given that over 50 thousands soldiers died on the first day, Haig as the leader of the team, P. Smith wrote, â€Å"†¦Haig should have been hung, drawn and quarried for what he did on the Somme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in his own diary, since the diary was only written for himself to read, he wrote down all his feelings towards the war as a soldier and this source is reliable, because no one would tell a lie in their own  private diary, and he was actually there at the battle of the Somme and he saw thousands of friends and family killed.The source supports the point that Douglas Haig is the Butcher of the battle of the Somme. â€Å"Haig was a second –rate Commander in unparalleled and unforeseen circumstances. He was not endowed with any of the elements of imagination and vision†¦ And he certainly had none of that personal magnetism which has enabled great leaders of men to inspire multitudes with courage, faith and a spirit of sacrifice†¦ He was incapable of planning vast campaigns on the scale demanded on so immense a battlefield.†This was written by David Lloyd George, British Prime Minster during the First World War, writing in his War Memoirs (1935). It gives us an idea of General Haig’s planning of war and he was incapable to be a great leader as immense a battlefield. He also describes Haig as a â€Å"second rate commander† because of the high death count at the Somme. This source is reliable because given the fact that it was written by a Prime Minister of Britain during WW1. â€Å"I want you to understand that there is a difference between a rehearsal and the real thing.There are three essential differences: first, the absence of the enemy. Now turning to the Regimental Sergeant- Major what is the second difference? † Ser geant Major. † The absence of the General, Sir. † This source was written in a cartoon from the British satirical magazine Punch (February 1917) the purpose was to make fun of the generals as we can see in the cartoon. This source is very useful for us knowing more about General Haig at the time, in the cartoon, the major general is addressing the men before an attack behind the lines.This is also reliable, because it was written in 1917, which was after the battle of the Somme. And it gives out information about Haig and his team. John Laffin, an author in modern days, wrote in his history book, British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One (2003), â€Å"Haig and other British generals must be blamed†¦ for willful blunders and wicked butchery. However stupid they might have been, however much they were the product of a system which obstructed enterprise, they knew what they were doing.There can never be forgiven. † Although Laffin earned his living taking p eople on battlefield tours and researched the war entirely from the soldiers’ standpoint, however he wasn’t in the battle, as he didn’t see what really happened and what Haig was doing at the time, he knew and heard all the things in the history by others. So this source can be either reliable or not and it might not be so fair to Haig saying that he is a butcher. On the other hand, the second interpretation is that Haig was just doing his job as a general.Different people have their different evidences for that. â€Å"The truth is that those ruddy-cheeked, bristling-mustached, heavy- jawed, frequently inarticulate generals rose to challenge after challenge, absorbed weapon after weapon into their battle-systems, and adapted themselves to constant change with astonishing success. But no one cared to make a legend out of that. † This was written by a historian named John Terraine in his Study of the Somme. â€Å"The Smoke and the Fire† in 1980.†Å"The truth is that those ruddy-cheeked, bristling-mustached, heavy- jawed, frequently inarticulate generals rose to challenge after challenge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Terraine was talking about Haig, although Haig made a lot of success during the war, no one realized it and no one cares about it to make a legend out of that. This might be supporting the point that he was just doing his job and he made a great success in the war. A Lieutenant in the Yorkshire Light Infantry who was gassed on the Somme and invalided back to Britain, writing in a letter to the Daily Express (21st December 1916, â€Å"During the first half of the war, our leadership was flawless – perfect.There was an obvious genius for pure generalship which has made Sir Douglas Haig fit to rank with any general of past or modern times. † This source says that Haig was a flawless leader and a genius. The writer says that Haig led his team and Britain to victory and he is the hero of us. â€Å"Which has made Sir Do uglas Haig fit to rank with any general of past or modern times? † This quote tells us that Haig was one of the best Britain leaders who had quite a lot of support from the locals. This source is also reliable because it was written in December 1916, right after the war ended.The author knew what happened, although he didn’t really saw what happened in the trench. Here is a photograph showing crowds welcoming Sir Haig home from France. It was taken on 12th April 1919, a few months after the war ended. This gives us an idea that a lot of people welcoming him back and they didn’t blame him of such a massive number of death in total. They treated him as a hero of Britain who led his army to victory and saved Britain. However, this might not be such reliable as the other evidences. A photograph cannot represent the whole thing.And the photo might not be real, or it was just created by the government to raise the support to Haig. A video is more reliable then a photo because we can see the start to the end. A photo is just a capture of one single moment. There might be some other things happened in the past or later. â€Å"Blaming Haig the individual for the failings of the British war effort is putting too much of a burden of guilt on one man. Haig was the product of his time, of his upbringing, education, and training and previous military experience.One argument goes that he was, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced would there have been anyone better for the job? Even on the Somme a German officer called the battlefield ‘the muddy grave of the German army'. † This source was written by S. Warburton, in an article in the history magazine, â€Å"Hindsight†, which takes a fresh look at historical issues. The magazine was published in 1998, many years after the Battle of Somme. This source suggests reasons Haig are not a butcher and we shouldn’t blame him too much.â€Å"One argument goes that he wa s, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced would there have been anyone better for the job? † He says that Haig is a great commander at the war that no other can replace him for doing a better job. He tried his best and put a lot of effort on the planning and war, so that Britain had its victory at last. This source was written in 1998. Although the author might not be seeing the war time, it is reliable and it can be trusted that Haig was doing a great job during the war.There are more and more evidences to support both sides of opinion. They have their own point of view that we can’t say that they are right or wrong. In my own opinion, I think that General Haig deserves the title the Butcher of the Somme. He sent 50,000 Britain to death just for one day. He didn’t know what a war is like. His plan failed. Although it was the experts’ idea, but he should consider it was a good plan or not before actually doing it. He really believed that he won the battle, but in fact he did not.The Germans lost 680,000 men in the war, but at the same time, the deaths of Britain and French in total had the same amount of people died of the German empire. Haig refused requests for extra hospital trains to be made available before the attack beg. His outdated tactics led to the war being even more prolonged and unintentionally prevented a victory over the Germans. He had no idea what a real war is. He thought he was successful, but he was not. He wasn’t prepared for war, used people who were inexperienced soldiers at all.July 1 was one of the most deaths in war in the war history. He repeated the mistakes opposite of what was said organized. He is the Butcher of the Somme, I think. Overall, there is still a debate between he is a butcher or he was just doing his job. No matter which side wins, there were still a large number of people died in the Battle of the Somme. A lot of people lost their homes, and lost their family. Alth ough it was General Douglas Haig, who sent them to their death, there might be some misunderstanding in between.

Gastro oesophageal reflux Essay Example

Gastro oesophageal reflux Essay Example Gastro oesophageal reflux Essay Gastro oesophageal reflux Essay Unit of measurement 3. AN Introduction TO ACTION AND USES OF MEDICINES. P2 ( a ) List the common upsets of the gastro-intestinal piece of land. GORD ( gastro oesophageal reflux ) : GORD occurs when tummy acid leaks backup into the gorge. Peptic ulcer: tummy ulcer and duodenal ulcer is known as peptic ulcers. Inflammatory intestine disease: A chronic upset of GI piece of land, ( Ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn s disease, ) Cranky intestine syndrome: IBS is a common functional upset of the intestine means there is a job with the map of a portion of the organic structure but there is no abnormalcy in the construction. ( e.g. hurting uncomfortableness, bloating, diarrhea, irregularity ) Hemorrhoids P2 ( B ) name the common interventions used in the upsets you have named in P2a and include and OTC readyings available. 1. GORD: there are three chief types of medical specialties for GORD. Antacidse.g. Aluminium hydrated oxide ( Alu-Cap, Maalox, Mucogel ) , magnesium carbonate ( aromatic Mg carbonate unwritten suspension ) , magnesium trisilicate tablets and suspension, Hydrotalcite suspension, Altacite Plus, Maalox Plus, Alginates:Gaviscon Advance A ; baby, Rennie Duo, Topal, peptic, Acidex, H2-blockers:Cimetidine, cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine, Nizatidine, Proton pump inhibitors:esomeprazole ( Nexium ) , Lansoprazole ( Zoton ) , Omeprazole ( Losec, omepazole ) , pantoprazole ( Protium : 2. Peptic Ulcer: Peptic ulcer is besides treated with alkalizers and H2-antagonists. Patient who takes NSAIDs should take with Prostaglandin parallel ( e.g. Misoprostol ( cytotec ) 3. Inflammatory bowel disease: a. Ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease: intervention of ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease depends on the badness of the disease. drugs are used in ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease are: Aminosalicylates ( balsalzide Na ( Colazide ) , Mesalazine ( AsacolMR, Ipocol, MesrenMR, Pentasa ) , Olsalazine Sodium ( Dipentium ) , Sulfasalazine ( Salazopyurin ) Corticosteroids: such as beclometasoneDipropionate ( ( Clipper ) , Budesonide ( Entocort ) , Hydrocorticone ( Colifoam ) , Pediapred ( predenema, predfoam, predsol ) Immunomodulators: such as Azathioprine, Purinethol, 4. Cranky Bowel Syndrome: There is no remedy for IBS, but drugs are available to handle the symptoms. E.g. Constipation drugs: Bisacodyl, Docustae Na ( docusol, Dioctyl ) , Glycerol, Senna, Na picosulfate ( Dulco-lax ) , Laxatives ( lactulose, macrogols ( Movicol ) , Phosphate clyster, Microlette Micro-enema. Bowel cleansing solution etc. Diarrhea: To halt diarrhea drugs are available such as: e.g. Loperamide, Imodium, Co-phenotrope ( Lomotil ) , Codeine Phosphate, Antispasmodic: helps to command colon musculus cramps and cut down abdominal hurting Antidepressants may alleviate some symptoms. 5. Hemorrhoids: intervention of hemorrhoids is ab initio alleviating symptoms. ( E.g tub baths, picks, suppository ) and forestalling the return of hemorrhoids require cut down the force per unit area and straining of irregularity. ( e.g Increasing fiber and fluids in diet, exercising, laxacitive, etc. Oeintment, picks, suppositories Local anaesthetics: e.g Xylocaine Vasoconstrictors: e.g Ephedrine sulfate, adrenaline, phenylephrine Protectants: Glycerin, hemimorphite, Zn oxide, aluminum hydrated oxide gel. Astrigents: hemimorphite, Zn oxide. Antiseptics: boracic acid Analgesics Corticosteroids: cortisol Surgery: Haemorrhoidectomy, Rubber set ligation, injection. P2 ( degree Celsius ) List the common side effects with each of the interventions named in P2 ( B ) Side effects of alkalizers drugs: Diarrhoea, silica-based nephritic rocks on long term intervention, aluminum incorporating alkalizers may be cloging. H2-blocker drugs side effects: Diarrhoea, concern, giddiness, roseola, fatigue, alopecia, seldom tachycardia, anorexia, cholestatic icterus, interstitial pneumonia, anxety, insomnia, dry oral cavity, gustatory sensation perturbation, sudating, alopecia, vasculitis. Proton Pump Inhibitors drugs side effects: Nausea, purging, abdominal hurting, flatulency, diarrhea, irregularity, concern, dry oral cavity, peripheral odema, giddiness, sleep perturbation, weariness, par-aesthesia, arthralgia, myodynia, roseola, pruritus, other side effects are really seldom stomatitis, hepatitis, icterus, hypertensitivity, febrility, depression, hallucinations, confusion, gynaecomastia, Brights disease, blood upsets, ocular perturbation, sudating, alopecia, etc. Aminosalicylates side effects: Diarrhoea, sickness, purging, abdominal hurting, headhache, roseolas, loss of appetency, blood upsets, ataxy, sterile meningitis, dizziness, depression, oligospermia. Corticosteroids side effects: high blood pressure, Na and H2O keeping, K and Ca loss, and glucocorticsteroid side effects are diabetes osteoporosis, high dosage of corticoid can do Cushing s syndrome with Moon face, acne, striae, and others and gastro-intestinal side effects are dyspepsia, abdominal distention, acute pancreatitis, oesophageal ulceration, candidasis, musculus failing, vertebral and long bone break, endocrinal effects catamenial abnormalities, amenorrhea, hirsuteness, weight addition, Neuropsychiatric effects: insomnia, schizophrenic disorder, ophthalmic effects ; glaucoma, increased intra optic force per unit area, besides skin wasting, urtication, myocardial rupture, hyperglycaemia, hiccoughs, unease, concern, vertigo etc. Stimulant laxatives: urine coloring material alteration, colic, local annoyance from suppositories. Anti-Motility drugs side effects: abdominal spasms, giddiness, sleepiness, and tegument roseolas, urtications, abdominal bloating, and paralytic intestinal obstruction. P2 ( vitamin D ) for each of the intervention, discourse the information you would give to patients assist them utilize the intervention efficaciously. Try and avoid big repast, particularly in the eventide. Try eating repasts and distribute these repasts through the twenty-four hours. Avoid fatty nutrients in the eventide. Avoid inordinate intoxicant, tea, java, spicy nutrient Stress direction or relaxation therapy Regular exercising Avoid sitting hunched Avoid tight belts Raising the caput of the bed may cut down the symptoms attempt to avoid smoke if self-treatment are non working see your physician for advice.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn essays The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain has been known for its array of interesting characters, including the runaway slave protagonist named Jim. Without Jim's help in the story, Huck would have never reached where he was, much less go through everything he did and learn what he did. Throughout the novel, Jim plays a role similar to a father figure to Huck by helping develop his physical strength, mentality, and morals. Aside from helping Huck, he becomes one of the most appealing characters in the story with his personality, superstitions, ideas, and significance within the plot of the novel itself. Jim plays the role of the father by helping Huck's physical well-being. He first provides food and shelter for Huck, then continually catches fish and fixes meals for him. In contrast to this, when Huck resided back at his house, he had always been working to provide himself with everything. Jim also gives Huck advice throughout the novel. From the very beginning of the novel when he sees his father's boot prints, Huck goes to Jim for advice. Despite the slave's fearful superstitions, his advice is mostly coherent and understandable, as seen when he advises against boarding the Walter Scott. Lastly, Jim provides protection for Huck. He passively protects Huck from the different people in society by having the raft ready to escape back to the river. Also, Jim actively protects Huck by lying to the King and Duke for him after they catch up with him on the river and threaten him. While Huck had no one to protect him before, now he has Jim to stand up for him against people that are li ke Pap, showing what a true father should do. Although Jim's ability to protect him is limited because of his status as a black slave, he protects him the best he possibly can. Jim also plays the role of the father by providing for Huck's emotional well-being. He provides affection for the boy. One of the memories that causes Huck to make his final...

English for Medical Purposes

English for Medical Purposes Pain that comes and goes might be chronic pain, or it might be just be something that indicates another condition. This dialogue might take place during a routine checkup, or perhaps during a trip to the emergency room, or urgent care. In all cases, doctors will often ask how strong the pain is on a scale of one to ten, as well as any activity that may have caused the pain to take place.   Pain that Comes and Goes Doctor: How long have you been having this pain?Patient: It started in June. So for more than five months now. My stomach hurts after some meals, but not always. Doctor: You should have come in earlier. Lets get to the bottom of this. Have you changed your eating habits during this period?Patient: No, not really. Well, thats not true. Im eating the same foods, but less. You know, the pain seems to come and go. Doctor: How strong is the pain exactly? On a scale of one to ten, how would you describe the intensity of the pain?Patient: Well, Id say the pain is about a two on a scale of one to ten. Like I say, its not really bad. It just keeps coming back... Doctor: How long does the pain last when you get it?Patient: It comes and goes. Sometimes, I hardly feel anything. Other times, it can last up to half an hour or more. Doctor: Is there a type of food that seems to cause stronger pain than other types?Patient: Hmmm ... heavy foods like steak or lasagna usually brings it on. Ive been trying to avoid those. Doctor: Does the pain travel to any other parts of your body - chest, shoulder or back? Or does it remain around the stomach area.Patient: No, it just hurts here. Doctor: What about if I touch here? Does it hurt there?  Patient: Ouch! Yesa, it hurts there. What do you think it is doctor? Doctor: Im not sure. I think we should take some x-rays to find out if youve broken anything.  Patient: Will that be expensive? Doctor: I dont think so. Youre insurance should cover routine x-rays. Key Vocabulary backbrokenchesteating habitsheavy foodsinsuranceon a scale of one to tenpainshoulderstomachto avoidto come and goto cover somethingto get to the bottom of somethingto hurtto keep coming backto last (an amount of time)x-rays Check your understanding with this multiple choice comprehension quiz. More English for Medical Purposes Dialogues Troubling Symptoms - Doctor and PatientJoint Pain - Doctor and PatientA Physical Examination - Doctor and PatientA Prescription - Doctor, and PatientFeeling Queasy - Nurse and PatientHelping a Patient - Nurse and PatientPatient Details - Administration Staff and Patient More Dialogue Practice - Includes level and target structures/language functions for each dialogue.

Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy

Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy Spheres Where Your English Literature and Creative Writing Degree Will Come Handy In thÐ µ PrÃ'â€"nÃ' Ã µtÐ ¾n RÐ µvÃ'â€"Ð µwÃ'• GuÃ'â€"dÐ µ tÐ ¾ CÐ ¾llÐ µgÐ µ Majors (2008), English LÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °turÐ µ and creative writing degree wÐ °Ã'• ranked among thÐ µ tÐ ¾Ã'€ tÐ µn college mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã'â€"n thÐ µ US. Does a course meant Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' for literature Ð µnthuÃ'•Ã'â€"Ð °Ã'•tÃ'•? HÐ ¾w dÐ ¾Ã µÃ'• grÐ °duÐ °tÃ'â€"ng wÃ'â€"th Ð °n EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h mÐ °jÐ ¾r degree can help you Ã'â€"n opening up more employment opportunities Ð °nd Ã'€rÐ ¾fÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Ð °dvÐ °nÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt? Being a major at English, Ã'â€"nvÐ ¾lvÐ µÃ'• studying English Ð °nd lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' wÐ ¾rkÃ'• frÐ ¾m varied Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' tÃ'â€"vÐ µÃ'•. The literary Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'Ã'•Ã'â€"Ã'• dÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'• a Ã'•tudÐ µntÃ'• comprehension, rÐ µÃ °Ã'•Ð ¾nÃ'â€"ng, and critical thinking. Interpreting any lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' work requires Ã' Ã °rÐ µful understanding Ð ¾f the tÐ µxt and thÐ µ ability to   communicate Ã'â€"tÃ'• historical, cultural, Ð °nd Ã'•Ð ¾Ã' Ã'â€"Ð µtÐ °l significance effectively. Such a feature should be peculiar to all people to be able to express their thoughts. Graduating in English with a creative writing degree course requÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ'• Ð °t lÐ µÃ °Ã'•t 120 Ã' rÐ µdÃ'â€"t hours wÐ ¾rth of vÐ °rÃ'â€"Ð ¾uÃ'• Ã' Ã ¾urÃ'•Ð µÃ'• Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• lÃ'â€"tÐ µrÐ °rÃ'Æ' hÃ'â€"Ã'•tÐ ¾rÃ'Æ' Ð °nd thÐ µÃ ¾rÃ'Æ', language dÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€mÐ µnt, EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n, speech Ã'•tudÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'•, Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °Ã'• well as buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng. FÐ ¾r mÐ °nÃ'Æ' Ã'•tudÐ µntÃ'•, choosing a college major mÐ µÃ °nÃ'• Ã' hÐ ¾Ã ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"ng Ð ¾nÐ µ that will guarantee high-paying jobs Ã'â€"mmÐ µdÃ'â€"Ð °tÐ µlÃ'Æ' Ð °ftÐ µr grÐ °duÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. The English language and literature dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ Ã'€rÐ ¾vÃ'â€"dÐ µs avenues tÐ ¾ mÐ ¾rÐ µ possibilities Ã'â€"n the workplace. EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h majors Ð °rÐ µ Ð °blÐ µ tÐ ¾ thrÃ'â€"vÐ µ in almost Ð °nÃ'Æ' fÃ'â€"Ð µld. MÐ °Ã'•Ã'• Media Being creative is a must for any job that concerns mass media. YÐ ¾ur English major wÃ'â€"ll help you acquire a brÐ ¾Ã °d Ð °rrÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾f Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• that Ð °rÐ µ tÐ °Ã'â€"lÐ ¾rÐ µd tÐ ¾ mÐ µÃ µt thÐ µ nÐ µÃ µdÃ'• of the media Ð °nd Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ã'â€"nduÃ'•trÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• without having to Ã'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' Ã'â€"Ð °lÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð µ Ã'â€"n a particular mÐ µdÃ'â€"Ð ° area. Theater ArtÃ'• Creative Writing and English Literature degrees help Ð µxÃ'€Ð °nd Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur skills, thÐ µÃ ¾rÐ µtÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l undÐ µrÃ'•tÐ °ndÃ'â€"ng Ð °nd Ð µxÃ'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð µnÃ' Ã µ Ã'â€"n thÐ µÃ °trÐ µ Ð °nd Ã'€Ð µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ practice. It will help you take on the the skills Ð °nd Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ð µÃ'• Ã'â€"n Ð °Ã' tÃ'â€"ng, dÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ' tÃ'â€"ng, dÐ µvÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"ng, wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng, drama, Ã' rÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l analysis, stage management Ð °nd theatre production PublÃ'â€"Ã'  RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• You will be involved in Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n and theory as well as in carrying out studies thÐ °t Ã'€rÐ ¾mÐ ¾tÐ µ your Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l and rÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. You will be able to use your professional Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• Ã'â€"n wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng, media and Ã'•tÐ °kÐ µhÐ ¾ldÐ µr relations, Ã'•trÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ' Ð °nd research, wÃ'â€"th an emphasis Ð ¾n problem Ã'•Ð ¾lvÃ'â€"ng, creativity, project Ð °nd rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt. TÐ µÃ °Ã' hÃ'â€"ng Your degree will enable you to pass your skills and passion on students of all ages, involving them in classical literature analysis and helping them to become creative writers, teaching grammar, vocabulary and all other things. WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Your exposure to great writers and to the reading that you have done while attending courses will be of great help when you do some writing on your own. RÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h-BÐ °Ã'•Ð µd InduÃ'•trÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• Such aÃ'• Marketing Ð °nd AdvÐ µrtÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"ng Your ability to spin words and being a wordsmith will help you do your best. English mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• train tÐ ¾ bÐ µ Ã' Ã ¾mmunÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °tÐ ¾rÃ'•, Ã'â€"n bÐ ¾th wrÃ'â€"ttÐ µn Ð °nd Ã'•Ã'€Ð ¾kÐ µn formats, mÐ °kÃ'â€"ng thÐ µm Ã'â€"ndÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'€Ð µnÃ'•Ð °blÐ µ to Ð °nÃ'Æ' buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• or Ð ¾rgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. A background Ã'â€"n the English lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ Ð °nd literature Ð °ddÃ'• Ã' rÐ µdÃ'â€"bÃ'â€"lÃ'â€"tÃ'Æ' to almost Ð °nÃ'Æ' Ã'€rÐ ¾fÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾n, Ð µÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' Ã'â€"Ð °llÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r those Ã'â€"n uÃ'€Ã'€Ð µr mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °nd administrative lÐ µvÐ µlÃ'•. FrÐ ¾m reading Ã' lÐ °Ã'•Ã'•Ã'â€"Ã'  tÐ ¾ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•tmÐ ¾dÐ µrn literary wÐ ¾rkÃ'• thrÐ ¾ughÐ ¾ut English hÃ'â€"Ã'•tÐ ¾rÃ'Æ', studying them Ã' lÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µlÃ'Æ' Ð °nd wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng tÐ µÃ' hnÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l and Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Ð °nÐ °lÃ'Æ'Ã'•Ð µÃ'•, EnglÃ'â€"Ã'•h mÐ °jÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã' Ã °n apply for a wide Ð °rrÐ °Ã'Æ' of positions.

How Our Aligning Behavior Shapes Everyday Life

How Our Aligning Behavior Shapes Everyday Life Sociologists recognize that people do a lot of unseen work to make sure that our interactions with others go as we wish them to. Much of that work is about agreeing to or challenging what sociologists call the definition of the situation. Aligning action is any behavior that indicates to others the acceptance of a particular definition of the situation, while a realigning action  is an attempt to change the definition of the situation. For example, when the house lights dim in a theater, the audience typically stops talking and turns their attention to the stage. This indicates their acceptance and support for the situation and expectations that go with it and constitutes an aligning action. Conversely, an employer who makes sexual advances to an employee is trying to change the definition of the situation from one of work to one of sexual intimacy - an attempt that may or may not be met with an aligning action. The Theory Behind Aligning and Realigning Actions Aligning and realigning actions are part of sociologist Erving Goffmans dramaturgical perspective in sociology. This is a theory for framing and analyzing social interaction that uses the metaphor of the stage and a theater performance to tease out the intricacies of the many social interactions that comprise everyday life. Central to the dramaturgical perspective is a shared understanding of the definition of the situation. The definition of the situation must be shared and collectively understood in order for social interaction to happen. It is based on commonly understood social norms. Without it, we wouldnt know what to expect of each other, what to say to one another, or how to behave. According to Goffman, an aligning action is something a person does to indicate that they agree with the existing definition of the situation. Simply put, it means going along with what is expected. A realigning action is something that is designed to challenge or change the definition of the situation. It is something that either breaks with norms or seeks to establish new ones. Examplesof Aligning Actions Aligning actions are important because they tell those around us that we will behave in expected and normal ways. They can be totally commonplace and mundane, like waiting in line to purchase something at a shop, exiting an airplane in an orderly fashion after it has landed, or leaving a classroom at the ringing of the bell and heading to the next one before the next bell sounds. They can also be seemingly more important or momentous, like when we exit a building after a fire alarm has been activated, or when we wear black, bow our heads, and speak in quiet tones at a funeral. Whatever form they take, aligning actions say to others that we agree with the norms and expectations of a given situation and that we will act accordingly. Examplesof Realigning Actions Realigning actions are significant because they tell those around us that we are breaking from norms and that our behavior is likely to be unpredictable. They signal to those we interact with that tense, awkward, or even dangerous situations may follow. Importantly, realigning actions can also signal that the person making them believes that the norms that typically define the given situation are wrong, immoral, or unjust and that another definition of the situation is required to repair this. For example, when some audience members stood and began singing at a symphony performance in St. Louis in 2014, the performers on stage and most audience members were shocked. This behavior significantly redefined the typical definition of the situation for a classical musical performance in a theater. That they unfurled banners condemning the killing of young Black man Michael Brown and sang a slave hymn redefined the situation as one of peaceful protest and a call to action to the mostly white audience members to support the fight for justice. But, realigning actions can be mundane as well and can be as simple as clarifying in conversation when ones words are misunderstood. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Cómo Cerrar Cita Para Visa Americana de Emergencia

Cà ³mo Cerrar Cita Para Visa Americana de Emergencia En ocasiones puede surgir la necesidad de obtener una visa para Estados Unidos con carcter de urgencia. Pero,  ¿quà © es considerado como urgente y cul es la tramitacià ³n para solicitarla? Adems de a esas preguntas en este artà ­culo se recuerda cules son las causas por las que la visa puede ser negada. Quà © Es Considerado Emergencia Para Solicitar la Visa Americana Son consideradas emergencias situaciones como: La muerte de un familiar inmediato (padre, madre, cà ³nyuge, hijos o hermanos).Una importante necesidad de recibir atencià ³n mà ©dica en Estados Unidos para sà ­ mismo o para acompaà ±ar a un familiar inmediato que la necesita. La visa para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico es la de turista.Cuando surge una oportunidad de negocio.Cuando se necesita asistir a un evento deportivo, conferencia profesional, un entrenamiento o una conferencia de prensa.Cuando la cita ordinaria para una visa de estudiante est fechada posteriormente al dà ­a de inicio del curso.En los casos de visas de trabajo, cuando la planilla I-797 està © aprobada y el empleador requiera la presencia inmediata del empleado en Estados Unidos. No se concedern adelantos de las citas para las visas americanas por cuestiones de turismo ya que eso no es una emergencia. No importa que se tengan los boletos de avià ³n o el paquete de hotel y atracciones. Es por esta razà ³n que nunca debe pagarse por las vacaciones si no se tiene ya la visa en mano. Procedimiento Para Solicitar una Visa de Emergencia Es necesario entender que no existe un procedimiento estndar, sino que varà ­a de paà ­s a paà ­s. Por ejemplo, en Mà ©xico debe solicitarse una visa de turista siguiendo el procedimiento regular. Y una vez que se tenga la cita, enviar un correo electrà ³nico solicitando el cambio de tramitacià ³n regular a urgente. Si la peticià ³n es concedida, se notificar al interesado y se le indicar el procedimiento a seguir. Tener en cuenta que la direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nico es distinta si la solicitud se formula en inglà ©s o, si por el contrario, se escribe en espaà ±ol. Si la peticià ³n es denegada, todavà ­a sigue vigente la cita regular para la visa. Sin embargo, en otros paà ­ses la peticià ³n de cita urgente para una visa americana debe hacerse por telà ©fono, por lo que se debe consultar la pgina web de la oficina consular para saber bien quà © procedimiento debe seguirse. En estos casos de peticià ³n por telà ©fono hay que tener en cuenta que se est cobrando la llamada a un precio superior al ordinario. Adems, si se concede la peticià ³n de cita habr que pagar al momento el arancel de la visa, mediante una tarjeta de crà ©dito o de dà ©bito Visa, MasterCard o American Express. En los casos de peticià ³n por telà ©fono de cita urgente para la visa debe tenerse a mano para hablar con el operario la siguiente informacià ³n: Nombre, lugar y fecha de nacimiento del solicitante.Nà ºmero de pasaporte y nacionalidad.Direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nico.Y para ciertas visas, como algunas que permiten trabajar temporalmente en Estados Unidos, informacià ³n sobre las mismas. Si el solicitante no puede realizar la llamada por sà ­ mismo, puede realizarse en su nombre un familiar o amigo, pero necesitar tener a mano el nombre completo y nà ºmero de pasaporte del solicitante. Consejo Sobre Lugar de Residencia Para solicitar urgentemente una visa se suele requerir tener la residencia o la nacionalidad del paà ­s desde donde se solicita la peticià ³n, salvo casos muy excepcionales. Por ejemplo, cuando se est en otro paà ­s de vacaciones y se precisa la visa americana de urgencia para transitar por Estados Unidos en su viaje de regreso al paà ­s de origen. Problemas Para Sacar la Visa de Emergencia A pesar de surgir una emergencia por la que hay que viajar a Estados Unidos, el consulado puede negar la peticià ³n. Y es que para poder obtener una visa americana no inmigrante, como por ejemplo la de turista, hay que cumplir dos requisitos: ser admisible y ser elegible. Son varias las razones por las que se considera que una persona es inelegible para la visa americana. La ms frecuente es la de no probar lazos econà ³micos y/o familiares suficientes en el lugar de residencia habitual. Si la razà ³n por la que se negà ³ la visa es causa por ser inelegible no es posible solicitar un perdà ³n, conocido en algunos paà ­ses como waiver o permiso. Por el contrario, si la razà ³n por la que el consulado no aprueba la visa es por causa de inadmisibilidad, en algunos casos es posible pedir un perdà ³n. La razà ³n ms frecuente que convierte a una persona en inadmisible es por estancia ilegal en Estados Unidos en una fecha anterior. Para un mayor conocimiento sobre cà ³mo sacar la visa de turista y cà ³mo evitar su cancelacià ³n o revocacià ³n es conveniente tomar esta prueba de respuestas mà ºltiples, ya que ayuda a aclarar dudas. Este es un articulo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Passive Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Passive Consumerism - Essay Example Immediately, they know which fashions are in and which are out. They see the colours and trends on splashy, popular websites. They find out very quickly what they should be wearing and what they shouldn't. A time-honoured tradition used by the fashion industry to set trends and market their designs has been to work with famous people to model their clothes. With the advent of such shows as MTV and other music shows, the multiplicity of award shows, the public is barraged with a plethora of designs to choose from. However, the ultimate message from the fashion industry is; "if a famous person wears this - it must be cool and therefore you must have it too!" As author, Anne Paxton1 writes in a savvy Internet article; "Everyone from Gloria Swanson and Marilyn Monroe, to Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly have helped fashion influence the public, but the media craze over celebrities is hotter than ever before. TV and movies have taken center stage when it comes to both entertainment and fashion. Magazines spend endless ink on what Madonna and Jennifer Lopez wear to award shows." Paxton even suggests that this marketing strategy may well end the need for models to strut their stuff on the catw alks. This strategy proves to be a win-win situation for both the fashion industry and celebrities as they cash in on the free items that various designers throw their way. Another specific strategy used by the fashion industry is online advertising. The use of the Internet involves several strategies which include: creating an online version of a print magazine, banner ads (ads placed on specific sites for greater exposure) and well-placed photographs and articles about the fashion industry. According to an industry report on the Internet and marketing strategies by women's magazines, "The Internet has become a billon-dollar business.." This article also reports that according to Nielsen Net Ratings, more American women use the Internet than men at a rate of 51% - 49%. It goes on to say; "Women online readers in the United States tend to visit general interest sites on the Internet, such as shopping sites, beauty sites, and health sites. Therefore, magazines discovered the Internet several years ago as another method to better serve the customer since magazines. ' By targeting the large numbers of women who regularly participate in online activity, fa shion magazines that maintain an Internet presence provide themselves with continuous, free advertising. It is an extremely effectively strategy to " [] offer other information, such as press releases or news that relates to the company or to their industry, or provide information about special events that relate to the company to their industry." In addition to using the Internet and celebrity culture as a marketing strategy, the fashion industry also creates markets by following sociological. One current trend that is strongly influencing the fashion industry is the notion that 'plus-size women' are a huge, new market for them. According to an industry analysis by UK expert, Marcella Marcheso2 the plus size market is growing in the fashion industry although until recently it was a bit of an afterthought. There was a limited range of available styles, and little to no trendy clothes. However, with the concerns over weight

Progressive Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Progressive Reforms - Essay Example Some were simple superstitions, while others have resulted in more severe outcomes. Ancient medicine, for instance, was normally a mishmash of science, religion, and pagan. People suffering from the bubonic plague were instructed to atone or seek forgiveness for their transgressions (Christensen 2004). Apparently, this failed to get rid of the plague. Another case in point is the medieval doctors who assumed that majority of human maladies were the outcome of excessive volume of body fluid; hence, to ‘medicate’ the ill they practiced ‘venesection’, or the process of removing glut body fluid by extracting substantial amounts of blood from the body (Christensen 2004). But unfortunately, to no avail. In the contemporary period, these kinds of assumptions and beliefs continue to influence the field of medicine, especially, at this point, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has the instruments and legally sanctioned power to control the overall effect iveness and safety of drugs. The intricacies of reforming the drug approval procedure of the FDA are underlined by conflicts between private manufacturers of drugs and the FDA about the objectives and rationales that should dominate in carrying out the review procedure (Dohrman 2005).

The effective use of participatory action within public-private Dissertation

The effective use of participatory action within public-private partnership in the provision of housing for key workers bearing - Dissertation Example 6 2.3.1 Carrying field work for CSR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 2.4 Sustainability in housing provision †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 2.5 Conceptualising participation for both public and private sectors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 3. Citizen power: The Ghana experience †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...16 4. The Stakeholders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 17 4.1 The Ministry of Works and Housing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 17 4.2 The World Bank †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 4.3 The Home Finance Comp any †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 4.4 Strengthening Community management in the development and operation of facilities and services (SCMP) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 4.5 Shack Dwellers International (SDI) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 5. Framework through participatory methods of stakeholders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 5.1 Ethical Issues Involved †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... ... Assessment: What brings success to a PPP? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 8. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 38 1. Introduction Housing has become one of humanity’s basic needs. Without a roof over their heads, individuals become like nomads searching for their place where they can be pioneers, although nomads are different than refugees who flee ‘because they have no choice’ (Kaplan as cited in Buki, 2003, p. 24). In the so-called third world countries, especially Ghana, housing is one of the primary programs over which government makes decisions. Whether to alleviate poverty, to jumpstart the economy, or to improve the quality of life of the people, providing housing for the workers and ordinary employees with the support of the public and private sectors is a m ajor undertaking of a developing economy. (Mason 1996, p. 176) People in Ghana are not refugees; neither are they nomads. They value housing as basic human need but housing is a precious commodity that is difficult to grasp. In other words, post-colonial Ghana has relatively failed in its housing policy: the 1986 National Housing Policy and 1992 National Shelter Strategy both did not succeed (Obeng-Odoom 2013). However, several administrations have tried to put up housing programs for city residents, employing public-private partnerships although those are still in the implementation stage (Obeng-Odoom, p. 108). Housing leaders and experts have called for secondary mortgage solution to solve the growing problem of housing in Africa. Experts also recommended that the private sector, especially the banking industry, should provide financing in the form of home equity loans, to help solve the housing problem. (Obeng-Odoom 2013, p. 109)

Career Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Career - Term Paper Example Aside from role conflicts, other significant issues include the extent of cultural dynamics (parental orientation, societal norms and class distinctions) as variables that influence the career moves of their children. In such cases, it is important to note the probable elements surrounding career development, the theoretical foundations that anchor career choices, its overall implications in practical counselling for better career implementation and sustenance. Influences in Career Development At large, cultural elements in family background in parental involvement, gender orientation and expectations, and gender norms may cement individual resolution on career paths. In British South Asian sample, concerted opinions on cultural impact had been exhibited through decisions to enter the teaching profession, in line with consensual families and community opinions. In an Asian community that highly values the norm of collectivism and strict religious compliance, these beliefs can have a relevant impact on individuals, especially the women, who tend to follow such orientations in deciding their career paths in life (Butt, McKenzie, & Manning, 2010). The infiltration can be explicit or implicit, as verbalization of preference and consequent actions manifest cultural inclinations toward specific objectives, leaving others with little options but to follow. Yet, the study on African American women resulted in positive outcomes, as according to Pearson and Bieschke (2001), there is a sequential reaction of cultural values and attitudes in family system, showing how subjects respond in deciding future professions. Relatively, family perceptions on education and work values can directly affect higher career moves in African American women, where education is seen as constructive medium for future accomplishments, duly sustained by better working attitudes drilled by their parents. It is their responsibility, then, to follow familial and communal cultural dictates to maint ain ethnic harmony within such systems. As observed, there is a definite intertwining of cultural orientation on parental viewpoints. Parents serve as role model to children, and the latter tend to follow the former mainly because of such ideal. During actualization of career development in adolescents, five significant components emerged to conceptualize parental and adolescent interaction: â€Å"joint goals, communication, goal-steps congruence, parental agenda, (and) individuation† (Young et al., 2001, p. 196). In such procedure, parents served as their children's’ partners in establishing sets of goals, taking into consideration the role of parents in either boosting or striking down career plans--during the process of implementing individual decisions of children for their future. In all the transaction, constructive communication patterns are essential tools in mutually conveying intentions and plans for career prospects. As pointed out by Lindstorm, Doren, Methe ny, Johnson, and Zane (2007), there is a positive correlation between â€Å"advocacy of family support and intentional career activities....(in) career development† (p. 362). The relationship maintained by family members manifests constructive outcomes, where highly flexible viewpoints and involvement in career planning and implementation are nurtured within family systems. As

How spiritual and religious guides can influence the pursuit of Essay

How spiritual and religious guides can influence the pursuit of happiness - Essay Example Despite scholars presenting different definitions and causes of happiness, it is evident that the religious and spiritual perspective carries the weight towards achievement of happiness while compared to other major factors like wealth (Quinn,  2014). That has as a result made various individuals to attach spiritual and religious connotations to happiness. As such, how spiritual and religious guides can influence a person’s pursuit of happiness.The thesis of the paper seeks to outline different measures that can be implemented in order to achieve happiness.Although there is no universal definition of happiness, it can be seen that spiritual and religious guidescanconnected to spirituality. Many people struggle to search for happiness and there are many connotations attached to this concept particularly the aspect of spirituality. Individuals constantly sought for economic gains to satisfy their happiness and despite the level of economic power, happiness seems to evade these people. That serves as a clear identification that achievement of happiness is far beyond the economic strength of an individual. It results from the fact that happiness fails to possess an economic value (Borchard,  2011). There are some religious people who believe that only eternal spiritual happiness is possible after death. However, despite such believe that real happiness will result upon death; these believers live a religious and spiritual life on earth that translate to happiness before death strikes. The reason behind achieving happiness during their lifetime is attributed to the conception that real happiness lies on the wait. Some individuals have identified India as a potential sour ce of happiness. Although India has numerous negative traits associated with the rapid rate of industrialization, high population, and the lack of proper waste management, it remains a center for finding happiness.Apart from